Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2324 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Tags: Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Did you like this example? What are the implications for a firm that does not conduct CSR? Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is often mistaken for a 21st century buzz phrase when in fact it has been part of the business lexicon for decades. While some argue that the concept dates back to the Industrial Revolution, the first substantive work was written by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. Despite the passage of time, there is still no universal definition of CSR. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order Corporate Social Responsibility, what it is and how it is implemented, is different depending upon the country a business operates within, the regulatory system they are answerable to and even the industry within which they work. These complications aside, it is necessary to fix on well-rounded definition of CSR in order to critically discuss the concept in this paper. The definition offered by the International Organization for Standardization will be used, as it is general in nature and applicable to most businesses, regardless their country of operation: â€Å"Social responsibility is the responsibility of an organisation for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behaviour that: contributes to sustainable development, including the health and the welfare of society takes into account the expectations of stakeholders is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour; and Is integrated throughout the organization and practised in its relationships.† (International Organization for Standardization, 2010) They one weakness in this definition is the proposition that CSR is about compliance with applicable law. In Dahlsruds (2008) analysis of 37 CSR definitions, he identified five critical dimensions. The first dimension is the environment and its consideration in business operations and the second is the social dimension which covers businesses taking into account their impact on society. Both of these dimensions are central to our working definition. The third dimension identified is the economic dimension which looks for a commitment to integrating CSR into business operations is also present as is the fourth dimension which related to how businesses should manage all stakeholder groups in a socially responsible manner (Dahlsrud, 2008). The final dimension, voluntariness, is what is missing from the ISO definition. Dahlsrud (2008) defines voluntariness as businesses making decisions and undertaking activities that are above what is legally required whereas the ISO definition (International Organization for Standardization, 2010) states that mere compliance is acceptable. It is argued that merely complying with the law is better described as good corporate governance and not of itself an act of corporate social responsibility (Ashley and Crowther, 2012; Bà ªnabou and Tirole, 2010). Central to the CSR debate is the notion of how society defines the role of business, and the resulting responsibilities. The classic roles and responsibilities assigned to business are to harness capital and other resources in production, to provide employment and meaningful jobs, to conduct research, development and innovation, to provide goods and services for sale, to create wealth for shareholders, employees, customers and society at large. (Fitzgerald and Cormack, 2011) These core, growth and profit motivated responsibilities do touch on some dimensions of CSR, but comparing these to the responsibilities endowed by CSR shows the amount of change necessary to mov e towards a socially responsible business model. One extreme of the CSR debate, often referred to as the neo-classical or traditional conflict approach (Redman, 2005), argues that the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits (Friedman, 1970). The other end of the spectrum is what Redman terms the â€Å"true believers† (2005, 78) approach to CSR. This is where a firm has environmental and social commitments in place that are not profit motivated. However, true corporate altruism is rare with evidence suggesting that organisations are more likely to adopt an ‘enlightened self-interest approach to CSR (Porter and Kramer, 2006). This is an approach that ties socially responsible activities to profit making activities (Redman, 2005). Enlightened self-interest has been one of the driving forces behind corporate responsibility in relation to the environment and utilization of scare resources. Inputs to production, from raw products to fossil fue ls, are becoming scare and businesses have needed to adapt to these changes or risk extinction (Ashley and Crowther, 2012). So while environmental impacts are now of greater concern to business, it could be argued that this is more the survival of the business than a deliberately socially responsible endeavor (Ashley and Crowther, 2012). At the same time, society now holds greater expectations of the business community (Scherer and Palazzo, 2011). With higher levels of education (for the most part) and thus knowledge, there is less of a tendency to believe the rhetoric of business. Ashley and Crowther argue that customers are not looking for perfection of business practices, but â€Å"the do expect honesty and transparency† (2012, pg.3). The rise and rise of social media has also created a fast and ubiquitous means for people to call businesses to account for (perceived) socially irresponsible acts (Fitzgerald and Cormack, 2011). The media also has the ability to p rovide focus and extensive coverage on businesses who have engaged in dubious practices (Fitzgerald and Cormack, 2011). Companies who use third world (often slave) labour are being named and shamed, and forced to reassess their supply chain practices (Ashley and Crowther, 2012). Despite these inroads, the last decade has seen examples where self-regulation and responsible corporate behaviour have failed spectacularly (Lynch-Wood et al, 2009), causing such events as the Global Financial Crisis. Few, if any, parts of society remain unaffected by these events. The response by policy makers and legislators has been swift and punitive. The net result being greater compliance and reporting requirements across most organisations and industries. Now there exists little distinction between what would have been considered a CSR organisation and one that practices good corporate governance (Money and Scheper, 2007; Mason and Simmonds, 2014). It would be disingenuous to deny that th e CSR movement has not had a positive impact on the business community. However, the overwhelming amount of progress in socially responsible action has been sparked by the depletion of natural resources and the need for businesses to diversify operations, changes in society and societal expectations of business and government legislative response to corporate failings. Being socially responsible is now just good business, an essential component of operational and strategic decision making (Porter and Kramer, 2006). Whichever way it is has been achieved, there are consequences that still exist for organisation that do not conduct CSR. Both the perception and reality of company performance can be enhanced by adopting CSR. Some pundits argue the payoff is long term, others argue that there is no payoff at all (McWilliams et al, 2006). Above profitability, there are a number of risks organisations face if they do not engage in CSR behaviour. It should be noted that the followin g is not an exhaustive list, merely the ones with the greatest potential impact. Reputational damage has always been a key outcome of socially irresponsible business activities (Walker and Dyck, 2014). Reputation can be defined as the aggregate perception of an organisations internal and external stakeholders (Walker and Dyck, 2014) and represents a firms single greatest intangible asset. Once reputation is lost, or at least impacted significantly, it is difficult to get back. Changes to the speed with which reputation damaging information can spread is also of concern to socially irresponsible organisations as it is much more difficult to hide or deny wrong doing (Ashley and Crowther, 2012).Further to this, Walker and Dycks (2014) research showed a positive correlation between a firms reputation and those with corporate social responsibility. Employee engagement and attracting talent appears to go hand in hand with socially responsible corporate practices (Bhattacharya e t al., 2008). The global economy has been described as a ‘knowledge economy (Fitzgerald and Cormack, 2011), with the greatest corporate assets residing in the intellectual endeavor of staff. Bhattacharya et al. (2008) also argue that CSR is a way for a firm to show their values in practice and thereby emotionally engaging employees to achieve all of the organisations goals. Engaged staff, at all levels of the business, are crucial to complete in a market place that is increasingly saturated by products and services. Differentiating the offering of one business from another (Servaes and Tamayo 2013) is becoming more difficult to achieve, but CSR related activities provide a point of product differentiation. Environmentally sounds goods (such as recyclable plastics) and Fairtrade food stuffs (such as coffee) are two examples of familiar products that have been differentiated by organisations acting in a more socially responsible manner. Firms who fail to innovate in th is way will become followers instead of leaders, and potentially impact their profitability (Blowfield and Murray, 2008). Smarter product and service development needs to start with managers and leaders thinking outside their traditional product and service offerings (Blowfield and Murray, 2008). The move to a more socially responsible business imperative has opened up new markets and opportunities within which an organisation can expand and prosper (Porter and Kramer, 2006). Those organisations closed to CSR will miss these opportunities and run the risk of being left behind. Even if opportunities are identified, access to capital may become increasingly difficult for non-CSR firms. With the rise of Socially Responsible Investment, organisations that do not engage in CSR can limit their access to capital and hence, their growth potential (Porter and Kramer, 2006). Furthermore, organisations run the risk of greater regulatory intervention if they do not change to more soci ally responsible ways. The recent trend towards regulation of business activities has highlighted the fact that if governments and policy makers identify failures in self-regulation, they are more than willing to step in and regulate business behaviour (Lynch-Wood et al, 2009). Legislation changes and compliance requirements are both restrictive and costly to organisations. If organisations fail to go above and beyond the current compliance requirements, they risk more being imposed on their activities (Bà ªnabou and Tirole, 2010). These risks all have the potential to significantly impact an organisations profitability and in extreme cases, long-term survival. These considerations also should be cause enough for businesses to reconsider their default position on CSR initiatives. Whatever the short-comings of the CSR movement, and the ideologically motivated debates about definition, society and the global economy are radically changed. Being socially responsible is now the only way to do business. Corporate Social Responsibility is a sounds business concept, but long fought debates around its definition have reduced the impact that it may have had on the business community. The fact remains that even if organisations conduct themselves in a socially responsible manner, there is some level of profit-motivated self-interest underpinning these decisions. The greatest headway in moving (forcing?) organisations to be more socially responsible has been societal and environmental changes external to the firm. Global industry and populations have led to the degradation of raw materials and fossil fuels which has made it necessary for many industries to reconsider how they do business. Sustainable development has become core to business operations in most sectors and is now more a case of good business practice than falling under the CSR banner. Society has also seen the impact that business has on their natural environment and communities in ge neral, and is now willing and capable of calling organisations into account for irresponsible, unethical behaviour. In summary, forces external to the organisation have had a greater influence in moving organisations towards the CSR ideal than the CSR movement itself. Regardless of how more socially responsible business practices are achieved, the change is positive and widespread. Substantial risk still remains for those businesses who do not adopt CSR practices. The implications include reputational risk, the inability to attract and retain staff and the possibility of increased regulation. Failing to embrace CSR also has the potential to impact the long-term suitability of an organisation, reducing access to capital, missing opportunities for growth and the failure to differentiate your brand from the rest of the pack. The conclusion being that being socially responsible is no longer optional, it is simply the way good business is done. References Ashley, P. and Crowther, D. (2012), Territories of social responsibility. 1st ed. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Bà ªnabou, R. and Tirole, J. (2010), Individual and Corporate Social Responsibility. Economica, 77: 1–19. Bhattacharya, C.B., Sankar, S., Korschun, D., (2008), â€Å"Using Corporate Social Responsibility to Win the War for Talent†, MIT Sloan Management Review, (https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/using-corporate-social-responsibility-to-win-the-war-for-talent/) Blowfield, M. and Murray, A. (2008), Corporate Responsibility: a critical introduction, OUP. Dahlsrud, A. (2008), How Corporate Social Responsibility is Defined: an Analysis of 37 Definitions†, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15 (1), pp 1-13. Drucker, P. (1954), The Practice of Management, Allied Partners, New York. Fitzgerald, N. and Cormack, M. (2011), The Role of Business in Society. An Agenda for Action, Joint Initiative by the Conference Board, Harvard University CSR Initiative and the International Business Leaders Forum on behalf of the Clinton Initiative. ( https://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/report_12_CGI%20Role%20of%20Business%20in%20Society%20Report%20FINAL%2010-03-06.pdf ) Friedman, M. (1970), â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits†, The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970, pp 122-126. International Organisation for Standardization 2010, Guidance Standard on Social Responsibility (ISO 26000). Lynch-Wood, G., Williamson, D. and Jenkins, W. (2009), â€Å"The over-reliance on self-regulation in CSR policy†, Business Ethics: A European Review, 18 (1), pp 52-65. Mason, C., and Simmons, J. (2014), â€Å"Embedding Corporate Social Responsibility in Corporate Governance: A Stakeholder Systems Approach†, Journal of Business Ethics, 119, pp 77-86. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D.S., and Wright, P.M. (2006), â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategic Implications†, Journal of Management Studies, 43 (1), pp 1-18. Money, K. and Schepers, H. (2007), Are CSR and Corporate Governance Converging? Journal of General Management, 33 (2). Porter, M.E., and Kramer, M.R.(2006), â€Å"Strategy and Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility†, Harvard Business Review, December 2006, pp 78-93. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A. (2013), â€Å"The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value: The Role of Customer Awareness†, Management Science,59,(5), pp. 1045–1061. Redman, E., (2005), â€Å"Understanding the Corporate Social Responsibility Continuum†, LBJ Journal of Public Affairs , 18, pp 72-84. Walker, K. and Dyck, B. (2014), The Primary Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethicality in Corporate Reputation: An Empirical Study, Business and Society Review,119 (1), pp 147–174.

Walt Whitman Poem Analysis - 978 Words

Connotation- The poem was inspired by Walt Whitman, hence the free verse style of poetry. It was done solely out of inspiration as well, no other poet or poetess could compete with him, with regards to the complexity of his poems. Although this is nowhere near the genius of Whitman, it still resembles the poets work, through free verse. Nevertheless, the poem was written in free verse in order to sound scholarly, and although it may be tougher to create a poem that rhymes, it can also be said that rhyming draws some of the creative freedom out of a poem, when a poet or poetess is writing one. Thus, the poem was written in free verse, because of the previous explanations. Another component of the poem was the comparison of life to a maze,†¦show more content†¦With that regard, that is why the poem was similar to the likes of Walt Whitman, because it had an optimistic energy. Shift- The shift appeared in the final section of the poem, when it was stated that the only person who can answer the questions that life presents is themself, because everyone almost everyone has a separate opinion on an issue that broad. Throughout the poem, it shifts as well, because it goes from a question, to personal reflection, to the extended metaphor, but then to the most dramatic shift. It should be considered the most dramatic shift, because it is placing the weight of the question on the reader, provoking thought, that is what was beautiful about the poem. Theme- The theme of the poem was discovering individuality within oneself through personal reflection. It was that theme, because the perspective of the poem was just that, in order to learn from one’s mistakes, one must reflect on them to navigate their way to ultimate happiness. Furthermore, as they mature, they also learn other valuable lessons throughout life, and find develop and their own answers to the questions of life. Reflection- As stated previously, this poem was inspired by Walt Whitman’s work, but it was also inspired by religion. Buddhism, in short, focuses on enlightenment and eliminating the essentials from the non-essentials, in order to achieve tranquility. It was very inspiring, and then began the creation of the basis for theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Poem Analysis - Miracles by Walt Whitman795 Words   |  4 PagesPoem analysis: â€Å"Miracles† by Walt Whitman 1. The first time I read through â€Å"Miracles,† it felt like the positive energy stored in the poem was jumping onto me. I am more of an optimistic person, so I tend to be positive in everything I do. I feel very blessed when I’m eating dinner with my family, when I’m with friends, when I’m riding a school bus, and when I’m looking at the sky. 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Before the human soul passes into the spiritual world every person sees a â€Å"Slant of light†, which represents heaven opening its gates to your soul. Dickson foresees death, and is not at peace with an uncertain afterlife. â€Å"That oppresses, like the Heft of Cathedral Tunes† Every person faces theRead More Supermarket in Califorina and Constantly Risking Absurdity Essay example1385 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Constantly Risking Absurdity† Allen Ginsberg’s poem â€Å"A Supermarket in California† and Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s poem â€Å"Constantly Risking Absurdity† describe the struggle within to find beauty and self worth. Where Allen Ginsberg is lost in the market, desperately trying to find inspiration from Walt Whitman, Lawrence Ferlinghetti portrays the image of the poet frantically trying to balance on a high wire, risking not only absurdity, but also death. Both of these poems deal with their poet’s struggle to find

Language Arts in Elementary School Essay Example For Students

Language Arts in Elementary School Essay The more they hear, the better the chance that they Will develop good language skills. Listening helps the child learn what the words they are mean and represent. By listening in school, students will absorb information that their teachers are presenting. Good listening skills will not only help them learn language, but also anything else that they are taught, math, science, art, etc. Listening is the basis of good learning. Speaking- Speaking is usually follows listening. Speaking helps a child learn how to take the words they hear and express their own feelings and thoughts. They must learn to peak with varying emotion, tone, volume and diction. The child needs to learn the words to help them speak to express themselves. Also, speaking will help them in school by being able to answer questions, read aloud and participate in class. Speaking is very important for children to master. With good speech skills, they can communicate well and ensure success. Reading Reading isnt just reading a book or magazine, reading is a way to absorb valuable information in many different ways. Children may first learn to read by viewing an object and seeing the written word that describes it. They can then progress onto to more advanced skills like reading a simple sentence. Eventually, they will be able to read many words, sentences and paragraphs to decipher their meaning and gather information or enjoy a story. Reading is always going to be an essential skill in language arts. Not being able to read the written word will make it very difficult to succeed in many ways. A child needs 10 learn the importance Of reading. They need to learn that reading will help them learn many things, from science lessons to moral lessons, reading is crucial for elementary students to master. Writing- In connection with reading. Hillier need to learn how to write to express themselves. They may have achieved success at speaking, but the true test is to be able to write down words in the correct way to express themselves through writing. Misguided writing will be detrimental to a child. They need to learn the basic make up of a sentence and build on that knowledge to form paragraphs and ev en short stories or essays. They need to understand grammar and spelling. They need to learn how to have their own writing style. They need to also be able to have legible handwriting, what good is being adept in writing f no one can read your handwriting! This will he crucial for them to master. They will use this skill their whole lives and need to get a handle on the building blocks of writing success in the early years. Viewing Viewing is a great aspect of language arts. Symbols and drawings can help enhance things children read, hear or write. They may watch a TV show or movie and understand more of it because of the graphics that go along with the story. A teacher can help probe for understanding by asking what the child inferred from what they saw while reading or watching. They also can use illustrations and models to help them learn. Flashcards for instance can reinforce spelling or vocabulary words that are hard to master. Viewing goes hand in hand with many of the aspects of language arts. Visual representations ? Similar to viewing, visual representations are a mix of many different things. For instance, graphs, charts, drawings, models, sculptures, even photographs can be used to demonstrate language arts. It is sometimes easier for students to express themselves through those mediums. Instead of writing a complicated sentence with difficult vocabulary words, a detent can express a statement by a drawing or picture. .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc , .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .postImageUrl , .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc , .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc:hover , .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc:visited , .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc:active { border:0!important; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc:active , .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc21183188687355372a3c740d027b2dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christmas EssayThis is just another tool in the arsenal of language arts. All in all, language arts are a very diverse subject matter, There are so many aspects that will lead to student success. A teacher is tasked with making sure they incorporate and teach all of these aspects to their best ability. It is crucial that teachers use a variety of pedagogical strategies to help them teach language arts to the fullest. They need to embrace the importance that language arts play in not only the classroom, but the world in which we all live.